Introduction of pollination technology for pear and apple trees.

In fact, the technology of pear and apple pollen preparation has been very mature in foreign countries, especially in Japan and Korea. According to FAO statistics, in 2003, China's apple cultivation area was 2.108 million hm2, pear 1108,500 hm2; Japan's apple 417,000 hm2, pear 1743,000 hm2; South Korea's Apple area was 26.16 million hm2, pear 253,870 hm2. More than 85% of orchards in Japan and South Korea need artificial pollination, 8.9 t coarse pollen per year in Japan and 7.7 t per year in South Korea. In Yantai, Shaanxi, Shanxi and Dangshan, Anhui, apples and pears are also used to artificial pollination; most of the pollen is collected by local farmers, but a few rely on purchase.
1 Pollen preparation experiments were conducted in Fengxian County, Jiangsu Province, Zhaoxian County, Hebei Province and Daolang Town, Tai'an County, Shandong Province from 2004 to 2005.
1.1 Collect the flowers from the strong golden crown and marshal apple trees and Yali pear trees to pick the big bell flower buds to be placed in a cool and windless place, to prevent heat and loss of water, can not be packed in plastic bags.
1.2 the flowers that take off anthers usually take anthers in 24 hours. The POPP-DX2 anther threshing machine produced in Japan is used to take medicine, and each flower can be removed from flower 60kg per hour. The removed anthers are first screened with a fine chop, and then cleaned with a special KB-M separator made in Japan. The anthers are immediately sent to the drying room for air-conditioning. Do not stack them to avoid fever.
1.3 While drying the pollen in the drying room, the anthers were dried in batches by M-500ET dispenser made in Japan, which can be baked for 10 kg each time. Anthers are often turned over during drying and baking. When the anther is dry and cracked, pollen can be dispersed.
1.4 pollen collected from Japanese made PS-2 pollen concentrate was selected to obtain high purity dry pollen. The selected pollen was packed into one package per 50g. Then store it in the fridge.
1.5 Pollen prepared by measuring the rate of pollen germination, the first test of its pollen germination rate, generally the rate of pollen germination is more than 55% before the quality of pollen. In the 2004~2005 year, we carried out the experiment of flower picking and milling in three places in three provinces. The output of apples and pears was shown in Table 1.
Table 1
As can be seen from table 1, the amount of powder produced in Zhaoxian County is less than half of that of Fengxian County. The reason is that the fruit farmers in Fengxian are very careful in collecting flowers, one by one, the pedicels are 0.5-1 cm; while the fruit farmers in Zhaoxian are picking the whole inflorescence, some even with leaves, so that the weight of flowers increased. From two years of milling results, there was little difference in the amount of flour produced, indicating that the output of apples and pears was relatively stable.
2 issues to be noted
To ensure the quality of pollen, pick up the bell flowers that will be opened as far as possible, and keep the pedicels of each flower as short as possible. Flowers should be collected with the anther removed, and the flowers that can not be processed on the same day will be stored in the cold storage. Under normal temperature, the pollen germination rate decreased from 65.3% to 56.5% 5-24 hours after anthesis. If the pollen vigor decreased rapidly after 24 hours. Instead of storing in cold storage, pollen viability can be reduced.
Deleted anthers should be dried in time with M-500ET dispenser. If it is too late to dry, they should be dried in a well-ventilated room. Anther spreading thickness should be about 2000g per square meter, otherwise the anther shell will become brown due to accumulation of heat, so that the pollen vitality will be reduced.
Through practice, it is found that the larger the production of pollen, the lower the cost, and the less consumption. Therefore, industrialized production of pollen has reliable quality, remarkable economic and social benefits.

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