Technical points of artificial pollination of pear trees in Dangshan

Dangshan pear belongs to gametophytic self-incompatibility fruit tree. Most varieties can not bear fruit by self-pollination. They propagate by distant hybridization. In production, suitable pollinating trees and cultivated varieties are used to pollinate each other to improve fruit setting. Pear pollen is mainly transmitted by means of breeze and bee insects. Artificial assisted pollination is often used in pear production to improve fruit setting rate and ensure yield and quality. The number of pollen and quality of pollen directly affect the fruit setting rate, yield and quality of main cultivars.
Dangshan pear
The main points of pear pollination 1. Pollination tools can be used brush, soft rubber, cashmere wool, etc., the pollen will be washed and dried in a small bottle, a pollen can be pollinated with about 10 flowers.
Pear pollination two. Collecting pollen and collecting pollen are often combined with flower thinning. Pollen is usually derived from pear trees that bloom earlier and have more pollen grains, such as Huanghua pear. Pollen collection time should be selected in bud bud (preferably globular) or petal opening. When collecting pollen, rub flowers with both hands to separate Anthers from filaments and screen anthers with fine pores. After anthers are collected, they are spread flat on a plate or paper, heated by an infrared light bulb or an ordinary light bulb to keep the anther temperature at 20? 25 degrees Celsius. When anthers dehiscence and pollen disperses, they are collected for use.
The pollination points of pear trees are three, pollination time, pollination time is 5 to 7 days after the flowering of pear trees, and pollination is effective within 3 days. Pollination can be done from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m., depending on the climate. The pollination effect is poor when the temperature is below 10 C, and should be conducted in the morning or evening when the daily maximum temperature is about 30 C. The suitable temperature for pollination is 15? 20 degrees Celsius. It is best to pollinate 2 times during bad flowering season.
Fourth, in order to save pollen, pollination method can be diluted by adding pine pollen, milk powder, lotus root powder and starch into the pollen before pollination, and the dilution can be about twice the amount of pollen. If artificial pollinator is used, it can be diluted 10 to 20 times. If the germination rate is less than 30%, it is not necessary to add filler when artificial pollination. When pollinating, according to the standard of retaining fruit for flowers under 2.5 meters in height, two fresh flowers are given per inflorescence, and about 10,000 flowers per mu. You can also put diluted pollen in a gauze bag, tied to a bamboo pole, and then tap the pole with a wooden stick, so that pollen sprinkled on the flowers, in this way about 50 grams per mu of pollen. Pollen can also be mixed into 15% sucrose solution and sprayed on the stigma of flowers. In this way, about 80-100 grams of pollen per mu is needed.
In addition, hanging flowers or using pollinated pollination varieties and releasing bees in florescence can be adopted. Spraying 0.2?0.3% boric acid, 0.3% urea, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 15 mg/kg naphthalene acetic acid at flowering stage could also increase the fruit setting rate of pear trees.
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